City Tour, Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Discover the beauty and tranquility of Goiás, and be enchanted by its cultural and natural heritage. There are tours through the historic center, passing museums, churches, and old houses. A place characterized by its preserved colonial architecture, all surrounded by the natural beauty of its rivers, hills, and the Serra Dourada.
Cidade de Goiás
No ano de 1690 os Bandeirantes conseguiram encontrar ouro na região que posteriormente seria chamada de Minas Gerais. O ouro também foi explorado no povoado de Cuiabá (capital do atual Mato Grosso). Os Bandeirantes logo pensaram em um território que se encontrava entre Minas Gerais e Cuiabá (futuro Goiás). Sendo assim os Bandeirantes também conseguiram encontrar e explorar esse valioso metal na região. No ano de 1682, o sertanista (bandeirante) Bartolomeu Bueno organizou uma Bandeira rumo ao sertão brasileiro; com seu filho de 12 anos de idade, e rompeu mato adentro chegando ao interior do Brasil.
Com a morte de Bartolomeu Bueno (lembrando que tanto a data de sua morte e a causa da mesma são imprecisas), seu filho Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva tentou refazer a expedição de seu pai cerca de 40 anos depois, em 1722. O Anhanguera, como ficou conhecido Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, conseguiu encontrar e explorar ouro nas margens do Rio Vermelho em 1725. Primeiramente fundou o povoado da Barra e depois o Arraial de Sant’Anna, com a grande quantidade de ouro que foi extraído das minas, o Arraial, por sua importância econômica para a Coroa Portuguesa, foi elevado à categoria de Vila, e em meados de 1750 foi denominado de Vila Boa de Goiás.
A mineração em Goiás teve o seu ápice em 1750, de 1751 a 1770 a extração e exploração do ouro foi diminuindo drasticamente, do ano de 1770 adiante a mineração entrou em decadência, o que provocou o abandono de muitos povoados goianos. Em 1818, Dom João VI escreveu uma carta onde a Vila vinha se tornar Cidade de Goiás.
Após a Mineração, a economia goiana no século XVIII e XIX passou a se dedicar mais às atividades ligadas à pecuária e agricultura. No século XX, Goiás desenvolveu a agricultura como principal atividade econômica. Porém, durante as três primeiras décadas desse século Goiás continuou atrelado à política oligárquica da Primeira República. Ainda no século XX, a oligarquia dos Caiado tomou o poder político do Estado até a Revolução de 1930. Getúlio Vargas, que havia instalado a Revolução, monopolizou o poder e nomeou o interventor Pedro Ludovico Teixeira, que fazia oposição aos Caiado.
Um dos primeiros atos políticos de Pedro Ludovico foi executar a política de transferência da capital. Primeiro realizou um levantamento para escolha do local onde seria construída a nova capital, a região escolhida era próxima à cidade de Campinas (Campininha das Flores). Depois iniciou as obras da construção da nova capital, Goiânia, em 1933. A capital foi transferida por decreto no ano de 1937, selando o fim de mais de 200 anos da Cidade de Goiás como capital do Estado.
City Tour
O City-tour no centro histórico tem o intuito de apresentar os museus, igrejas, construções e edifícios históricos que marcam toda a trajetória das culturas que surgem no Brasil a partir do século XVII.
Iniciaremos o City Tour pelo Centro Histórico, onde iremos conhecer um pouco mais da cultura e arquitetura que compõem o acervo histórico da cidade de Goiás.
Neste roteiro, além da experiência agregada com o passaporte cultural, os participantes têm a oportunidade de compreender os fatos históricos que levaram a cidade de Goiás a se tornar a capital do estado de Goiás e posteriormente, Patrimônio Mundial da humanidade, título concedido pela Unesco em 2001.
Resumo do roteiro:
> Duração: 5 horas
> Caminhada: 2,5 km
> Categoria de viagem: Caminhada ou carro
> Dificuldade: Fácil
> Temperatura: Média de temperaturas (15ºC a 38ºC)
> Clima: Estação seca de abril a setembro; Estação chuvosa de outubro a março.
> O que está incluso no roteiro: Guia de Turismo; Passaporte Cultural; Entradas nos atrativos.
> O que não está incluso: Lanche; hidratação; medicamentos pessoais.
O que levar:
> Roupas leves, boné ou equivalente, óculos escuros, calça comprida, capa de Chuva;
> Repelente e protetor solar;
> Água suficiente;
> Um calçado confortável e apropriado;
> Uma mochila pequena;
> Remédios de uso pessoal;
> Lanche;
> Celular;
> Álcool em Gel ou líquido 70%;
> Máscara de proteção.
Dica do Guia: Aproveite o tempo nos museus para se hidratar e ir ao banheiro.
Programação do roteiro:
O guia encontrará o grupo na Praça do Coreto nos horários agendados para dar início ao City Tour, o tempo limite excedente de espera de participantes é de 20 minutos. Após este tempo entrar em contato com o guia para se juntar ao grupo.
The first attraction visited is the CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF SANT'ANNA
Construction of Sant'Anna Church, the Cathedral of Goiás City, began in 1743, by order of the general judge Manoel Antunes da Fonseca. After several demolitions and reconstructions throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, in 1929, it received a design by Rio de Janeiro architect Gatão Bahiana, which, due to its size, was never completed.
Returned to public use, partially completed, in 1967, it was only in the final years of the 20th century that the restoration work was finally considered complete, receiving finishing and stained glass windows, now based on a project drawn up by the Iphan team.
The second attraction visited is the CONDE DOS ARCOS PALACE MUSEUM
The result not of a pre-planned construction, but of a series of renovations carried out on a group of residences acquired upon the arrival of the Count of Arcos to assume the position of first governor of the Captaincy of Goiás, the Palace, named after its first owner, was, with the capital's move, used as the headquarters of the City Hall and later transformed into a museum. Its walls feature the use of several different techniques, from rammed earth to adobe and fired brick. Once a year, on the anniversary of the City of Goiás, on July 25th, it once again serves as the headquarters of the State Governor.
The next attraction is the CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF GOOD DEATH - MUSEUM OF SACRED ART
Begun in 1762, construction of the Santo Antônio chapel used the foundations of one of the houses belonging to Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva. This chapel was intended to serve the military; however, the prohibition on the existence of temples belonging to military personnel led them to donate the unfinished construction of their church to the Brotherhood of the Brown Men of Boa Morte, which they then completed and occupied in 1779. The only religious building in the Vila Boa region to feature characteristic Baroque elements, it also features an irregular octagonal nave within its interior. Due to its proportions and the meticulous detailing of its façade, it is the most imposing building in the architectural ensemble of the city of Goiás.
Then, the visit will be at the MUSEUM OF FLAG (MUBAN)
Considered one of the most important 17th-century buildings in Goiás, the former Town Hall and Jail, currently used as a museum, represents the finest eighteenth-century architecture in the state. Built on two floors of rammed earth, it replaced a smaller, single-story building that existed previously and was less secure than the current one. Construction began in 1761 and was completed in 1766. It still maintains, with few alterations, its original features, as shown in the drawings held in the Overseas Archives in Lisbon.
On the way to MUBAN, we will pass by the TAIL FOUNTAIN
Built in 1778, it is organized into four sections, featuring a central space for water fountains, as well as two tanks on the outside for animals, and a protective grid at the front, creating an internal courtyard with benches.
From there, we headed to the MUNICIPAL MARKET
A meeting point for illustrious personalities and local figures, they gather every morning for a chatty coffee and traditional Goiás delicacies. Serenade singers, guitarists, and singers also gather early in the bars and bistros, which offer a wide variety of artisanal cachaças.
After leaving the market, we visited the CHURCH OF SÃO FRANCISCO DE PAULA
Built in 1761, the Church of São Francisco de Paula displays the general characteristics of 18th-century religious buildings in Goiás. Its façade consists of a central section with the choir windows framed in masonry, with a parapet embedded with carved wooden balusters. It is one of the only churches in Vila Boa to feature a painted ceiling, and among them, the only one to also feature paintings on the chancel lining. The church boasts one of the most beautifully carved crossing arches, as well as beautiful decorative work on the crowning of the lintels of the interior doors and the pulpit. Since 1863, the church has been the headquarters of the Brotherhood of Senhor Bom Jesus dos Passos, a religious and social organization.
From there, our next destination is the CORA CORALINA HOUSE MUSEUM
Built in the final decades of the 18th century, the house where the most important writer, born in Goiás City, resided ceased to be used for residential purposes after the death of the poet, who was its last owner and resident. Three generations of Cora Coralina's family lived in this building, with her grandfather having lived there since childhood, as well as the writer's mother and herself.
Then we visited the CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF THE ROSARY
Built by Dominican priests in the 1920s on the same site as the former church of the Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary of the Blacks, the current Church of Our Lady of the Rosary stands out from the other religious buildings in the former capital, boasting completely different architectural characteristics. A neo-Gothic building with a single central tower, its interior features a collection of frescoes created by the Italian priest Friar Nazareno Confaloni, considered the founder of modern art in Goiás.
After this attraction, we have the option to end our City Tour at PARQUE DA CARIOCA . There you will find the CHAFARIZ DA CARIOCA.
The Largo da Carioca fountain was the first public water source built in Vila Boa, during its early development as a mining center. Built of stone masonry, this fountain sits in a wide open space between the Vermelho River and the old city entrance for those coming from São Paulo along the royal road, passing through Meia Ponte, Ouro Fino, and Ferreiro, bound for Cuiabá. This popular spot for bathers is known as Poço do Bispo (Bishop's Well) because it is located near a farm owned by the Diocese of Goiás. With its structure practically buried in the ground, this fountain originally had one of its open sides directly connected to the river.
However, due to flooding during rainy seasons, this connection was broken with the construction of a fourth wall, also made of stone masonry like the others. Access to the springs is via a front staircase, also made of stone. Currently, the spring is surrounded by a leisure complex, built by the City Hall, which includes the river, a swimming area, a restaurant, a children's amusement park, and its immediate surroundings, which have received special landscaping.
Fotos: Di Magalhães.
Roteiro detalhado:
Tempo estimado Local / Atividade
00:00 SAÍDA DA PRAÇA DO CORETO
00:20 VISITA A IGREJA NOSSA SENHORA DE SANT'ANNA
01:00 VISITA AO MUSEU PALÁCIO CONDE DOS ARCOS
01:30 VISITA A IGREJA NOSSA SENHORA DA BOA MORTE - MUSEU DE ARTE SACRA
02:30 VISITA AO MUSEU DAS BANDEIRAS (MUBAN)
02:50 VISITA AO MERCADO MUNICIPAL
03:20 VISITA A IGREJA DE SÃO FRANCISCO DE PAULA
04:00 VISITA AO MUSEU CASA DE CORA CORALINA
04:30 VISITA A IGREJA NOSSA SENHORA DO ROSÁRIO
05:00 VISITA AO PARQUE DA CARIOCA E CHAFARIZ DA CARIOCA